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- Subject: 89-1448 -- CONCUR/DISSENT, VIRGINIA BANKSHARES, INC. v. SANDBERG
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- SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
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- No. 89-1448
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- VIRGINIA BANKSHARES, INC., et al., PETITIONERS v. DORIS I. SANDBERG et al.
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- on writ of certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the fourth
- circuit
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- [June 27, 1991]
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- Justice Stevens, with whom Justice Marshall joins, concurring in part
- and dissenting in part.
- While I agree in substance with Parts I and II of the Court's opinion,
- I do not agree with the reasoning in Part III. In Mills v. Electric
- Auto-Light Co., 396 U. S. 375 (1970), the Court held that a finding that
- the terms of a merger were fair could not constitute a defense by the
- corporation to a shareholder action alleging that the merger had been
- accomplished by using a misleading proxy statement. The fairness of the
- transaction was, according to Mills, a matter to be considered at the
- remedy stage of the litigation.
- On the question of the causal connection between the proxy solicitation
- and the harm to the plaintiff shareholders, the Court had this to say:
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- "There is no need to supplement this requirement, as did the Court of
- Appeals, with a requirement of proof of whether the defect actually had a
- decisive effect on the voting. Where there has been a finding of
- materiality, a shareholder has made a sufficient showing of causal
- relationship between the violation and the injury for which he seeks
- redress if, as here, he proves that the proxy solicitation itself, rather
- than the particular defect in the solicitation materials, was an essential
- link in the accomplishment of the transaction. This objective test will
- avoid the impracticalities of determining how many votes were affected,
- and, by resolving doubts in favor of those the statute is designed to
- protect, will effectuate the congressional policy of ensuring that the
- shareholders are able to make an informed choice when they are consulted on
- corporate transactions. Cf. Union Pac. R. Co. v. Chicago & N. W. R. Co.,
- 226 F. Supp. 400, 411 (D. C. N. D. Ill. 1964); 2 L. Loss, Securities
- Regulation 962 n. 411 (2d ed. 1961); 5 id., at 2929-2930 (Supp. 1969)."
- Id., at 384-385.
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- Justice Harlan writing for the Court then appended this footnote:
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- "We need not decide in this case whether causation could be shown where
- the management controls a sufficient number of shares to approve the
- transaction without any votes from the minority. Even in that situation,
- if the management finds it necessary for legal or practical reasons to
- solicit proxies from minority shareholders, at least one court has held
- that the proxy solicitation might be sufficiently related to the merger o
- satisfy the causation requirement, see Laurenzano v. Einbender, 264 F.
- Supp. 356 (D. C. E. D. N. Y. 1966) . . . ." Id., at 385, n. 7.
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